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Ethical Implications of Corruption on Holistic Development in OPEC Countries
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Safiollah Safaei1   , Saeed Kian poor2 , Jafar Zarrin3 |
1- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Economics, Faculty of Managment, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran , s_kianpoor@pnu.ac.ir
3- Department of Accounting, Faculty of Accounting, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: (8 Views) |
Background: Ethical corruption, characterized by the misuse of public power and mismanagement of resources, stands as a major barrier to holistic development in OPEC countries, profoundly affecting economic, social, and institutional dimensions. This phenomenon threatens development sustainability by undermining transparency and governance, making its examination essential for understanding network dynamics. This study analyzes the impact of ethical corruption on development in OPEC countries.
Method: This research is applied and employs a correlational analysis approach. The study population consists of annual data on development indicators (economic, social, cultural), ethical corruption, governance, and environmental impact for 13 OPEC member countries over the period 2003–2023. Sampling was conducted using a census of available data from international databases (Corruption Perceptions Index, World Bank, UNESCO, and Global Carbon Project). Data collection tools included standardized global indicators such as the Corruption Perceptions Index, per capita GDP, access to drinking water, adult literacy rate, and per capita carbon dioxide emissions. Data analysis was performed using quantile network analysis and the Panel Quantile Vector Autoregression (PQVAR) model.
Results: Results indicate that ethical corruption plays varying roles in transmitting and receiving fluctuations across different conditions, disrupting development by weakening governance, particularly during crisis periods.
Conclusions: Ethical corruption, by infiltrating institutional structures, reduces the efficiency of the public sector and threatens holistic development. Enhancing transparency and implementing effective policies can mitigate this phenomenon and promote sustainable development.
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| Keywords: Ethical Corruption, Holistic Development, OPEC Countries, Development Network, Governance |
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Full-Text [PDF 2196 kb]
(11 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Special
Received: 2025/07/4 | Accepted: 2025/09/6 | Published: 2026/01/30
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