2024-03-28T20:29:10+03:30 http://ethicsjournal.ir/browse.php?mag_id=7&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
7-627 2024-03-28 10.1002
Ethics in Science and Technology 2251-7634 2251-7634 2014 8 4 Operations Research Methodologies for the Study of Ethical Issues in Organizations Background: Researchers of OR help managers to carry out their organizational tasks, and their decisions is only evaluated in terms of efficiency or effectiveness. In today's global business environment, Organizations are faced with complex issues; therefore ethical approaches have attracted much attention of researchers. This paper explores a relatively new and innovative process called discourse ethics. Discourse ethics is different from traditional ethical systems. In traditional ethical systems, decisions are evaluated apart of committees and the actual people involved in the process of dialogue and interaction. In this paper, by using the theory of discourse ethics, Ethical aspects of various issues, our performance criterion for dealing with these issues, and the world that these issues belong to it, was described. Finally for dealing with each of these issues, specific methodologies were presented. Conclusion: Today the issues are complex and multidimensional. Managers can’t neglect ethical aspects of issues. Discourse ethics is a good idea for explaining the ethical aspects of issues. OR should be prepared to deal with such issues, and provide appropriate methodologies.     Discourse ethics Hard OR Soft OR Critical methodology Mixed methodology 2014 2 01 1 11 http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-627-en.pdf
7-628 2024-03-28 10.1002
Ethics in Science and Technology 2251-7634 2251-7634 2014 8 4 Transxullity: Ethical, Islamic Jurisprudence and Legal Aspects Background: The subject of transexuality is the disputable topic that different world’s countries, religions and legal regulations have various sights on this regard. Islam and especially Shiite religion study this subject in detail and permit transexuality  with regarding considering obligations and special conditions. In addition, Shiite religion lights up person situation and rights after transexuality. However, many people exist that suffer from gender identity disorder, and lack of notice and weak culture in some societies can reach them to misdemeanour or suicide. Conclusion: Because transexuality has many effects on individual health and social life, this paper attempts to study sex change condition in Iran and ethical, religious and legal issues related to this subjects.   Sex Change Ethical Islamic Jurisprudence Legal Iran 2014 2 01 12 23 http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-628-en.pdf
7-629 2024-03-28 10.1002
Ethics in Science and Technology 2251-7634 2251-7634 2014 8 4 Value Basis of Total Quality Management Background: Total quality management is a branch of philosophical theory of management science that many organizations have paied attention approach to it due to its efficiency and affectivity and its valued- based management has a new attention to the educational organizations with this approach that the value in every moment of life involved in various educational, industrial, and etc. This article analyzes valuable foundation of total quality management and tries to give a scientific reply and solution to the question that which pretheisw of cognition- value of total quality management are? Who value- based management in that theory to be drawn? And which common and distinguishing point between the total quality management view and traditional management theories are? Conclusion: The research founding indicates that values arenot superficial and ethics and moral values and respect them in organizations are so important. Human create symbols then individuals make creation values in organizations.Quality in this fieled of managerial theory is a fundmental value that staff training has witnessed realistic attitude to clients and customers proper attention to the true force that is core and centeral of any activity, is the success symbol and excellence benefit of organizations.Self- assessment and self- control shoud be considered in the fundmental value of organizations based on total quqlity management.Performance of moral values and rules under cultur of organization discipline, is one of the most important approach of it. Performance of values has a thriving and affective role in function of various dimension of organizations   Cognition- value Educational management Total quality management 2014 2 01 24 34 http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-629-en.pdf
7-630 2024-03-28 10.1002
Ethics in Science and Technology 2251-7634 2251-7634 2014 8 4 Machine Ethics: Ethical Challenges and Strategies In Artificial Intelligent and Superintelligence Background: Artificial intelligence, from the beginning, was looking for simulating human behavior for machine, by following the human pattern. With the increasing development of this field of science and its success in simulation of some specific human behavior, even by removing some certain restrictions in the human pattern, the feasibility of simulating comprehensive human behavior, is increased and the emergence of new generation of machines is predisposed. This new generation of machine that has human capabilities comprehensively and acts more intellectually than humans, is addressed as "superintelligence". In principle delegation of any task to an intelligent agent needs to explain some questions, like degree of its autonomy of action and decision, and the degree of trust which can be vested in the outcomes it achieves. The intellectual superiority of this machine is a decisive reason in order to consider its ethical issues. Conclusion: In order to achieving an intelligent agent which is able to meet all expected goals in a safe manner, it would be necessary to create architecture towards the choice machine.   Artificial intelligent Superintelligent Machine ethics Ethics 2014 2 01 35 43 http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-630-en.pdf
7-631 2024-03-28 10.1002
Ethics in Science and Technology 2251-7634 2251-7634 2014 8 4 The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Employees\' Perceptions of Fairness and Satisfaction with Their Jobs Background: Personal morality has a unique position in Human Resources Management one of most important indicators of which is justice. Several studies indicate that the perception of justice is concerned with different aspects of behavior including those for employee satisfaction. Culture is a factor that has been studied in the framework of justice and satisfaction. Consequently, this research would concentrate on exploring the relationship between culture and job satisfaction of employees' perception of justice as a model for Iranian organizations. Methods: 110 cases of technical officials of Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences (Noor) in Qom were chosen as a statistical society in this study. In this regard, to analyze the data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test has been applied to verify the normal distribution of the data as well as a single T-test along with Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient in a significant level (p ≤ 0.05). Results: To collect the data, three questionnaires of Denison's Organizational Culture with the reliability of 0.8, Sven’s Organizational Justice with the reliability of 0.7, and Job Satisfaction with the reliability of 0.77 have been used. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it seems that the most important aspect of culture for employees is to be engaged in work which leads to a higher level of satisfaction and a sense of perception of justice. This research could be enjoyed by managers of organizations to increase the human resources productivity according to their own states.   Human resources Job satisfaction Organizational culture Perceptions of fairness. 2014 2 01 44 53 http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-631-en.pdf
7-632 2024-03-28 10.1002
Ethics in Science and Technology 2251-7634 2251-7634 2014 8 4 Prediction of Organizational Spiritual Commitment and Ethical Climate in Organization Background: One of the most important job attitudes is organizational commitment that is related with various individual and organizational factors. At present research, the relationship between some of this individual and organizational factors namely spirituality, ethical climate and person-organization fit and organizational commitment was investigated. Methods: The current research is an applied and correlational research. The research sample was included 120 employees of Bandar-e-Emam petrochemical company that was selected by stratified sampling and responded to research instruments namely spirituality, ethical climate , person-organization fit and organizational commitment questionnaires. This instruments was developed as an overall questionnaire and was sent for participants by researchers. After one week, 111 questioners returned for analyzing. Correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis used for data analyzing. Results: Results indicated that ethical climate and person-organization fit directly and spirituality indirectly affect on  organizational  commitment. Conclusion: According to findings, recommendations provided for managers  to increasing organizational  commitment by establishing ethical climate and person-organization fit and increasing employees` spirituality in organizations Spirituality Ethical Climate Person-Organization Organizational Commitment 2014 2 01 54 65 http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-632-en.pdf
7-633 2024-03-28 10.1002
Ethics in Science and Technology 2251-7634 2251-7634 2014 8 4 Ethics Differences Between Men and Women in the Farsi Textbooks Background: Islamic teachings and Islamic Republic's constitution of Iran emphasize on the biological differences between men and women. But in terms of value as human beings, they are considered equal so it is expected that textbooks play a constructive role in shaping gender identities of teens and young children. However, similar studies in other countries, including developed, developing or underdeveloped, show that there are gender stereotypes in Farsi textbooks, of course type and how they are make different. Methods: The Statistical population of this research is Guidance – School Farsi Textbooks and the way of research is descriptive and its technique is content analysis. Results: Almost there is proportionality between moral and immoral behaviors in the religious and social practices that apply to men and women. But the attributes addressing women's emotional behavior is less and the unethical behaviors and characteristics that have been attributed to women are more. Conclusion: Moral or immoral behaviors and traits of men are more concerned school in Farsi textbooks.                 men and women's differences Textbooks Moral behavior and Traits 2014 2 01 66 76 http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-633-en.pdf
7-634 2024-03-28 10.1002
Ethics in Science and Technology 2251-7634 2251-7634 2014 8 4 The Relationship Between Employees\' Organizational Citizenship Behavior and ERP System Success Background: The concept of organizational citizenship behavior is one of the most important organizational behavior theories which is also being considered as one of the important soft factors of ERP implementation projects. However, this concept is somehow overlooked in Information Systems’ academic works. Hence, the paper tries to articulate the relationship between the two concepts. Methods: This research is conducted in an applied manner with descriptive and explanatory goal in nature.  The research sample includes Iranian companies which has implemented a reputable international ERP and had at least 9 months of system life. The questionnaire tool has also been applied for data gathering in eight cases. Structural Equation Modeling (Partial Least Squares) using SmartPLS has been exploited for data analysis. Results: The results indicate that employees' organizational citizenship behavior has a conspicuous impact on ERP projects success. This research investigated the effects of Altruism, Conscientiousness, Courtesy, and Civic Virtue, which regarding data analysis results; all of the factors have a significant positive effect on ERP success surrogates. Conclusion: Regarding research results, it seems that it is crucial for managers to improve their ERP system success level through improving their organizational citizenship behavior and plan and prioritize some actins for this done Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ERP Success Organizational Citizenship Behavior. 2014 2 01 77 91 http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-634-en.pdf
7-635 2024-03-28 10.1002
Ethics in Science and Technology 2251-7634 2251-7634 2014 8 4 Professional Ethics and Knowledge Management Background: Nowadays, knowledge management is used by organizations for improving their usefulness. Since, with accumulation and documentation of organizational knowledge and shraring it between staff, they receive to this goal. Ethic is an important and serios subject that has an important role in scientific actualization, industrial progression and social welfare and leads to the facilitation of knowledge management. Professional ethic is a branch of ethic. In this article, we try to recognize the relation between professional ethics and knowledge management. Methods: This research method is descriptive-correlation. Valriables are as follow: professional ethic elements and knowledge management. Sample of study included 166 staff of department and colledges of Islamic Azad University (branch of Sanandaj). Data analyzed by SPSS 18 and Lisrel 8.8. Results: findings show that there is a positive and significant relation between professional ethic and knowledge management. In other hand, whatever the staff be more diligent in adhering to professional ethics, establishment of knowledge management will be simpler. Actually employees will pave the way with self-control and spontaneously. Conclusion: The best strategy to establishment of knowledge management is improving the professional management. Generalization of findings should be done on group that knowledge management established on them.   Knowledge Management Professional Ethics Social Welfare 2014 2 01 92 101 http://ethicsjournal.ir/article-1-635-en.pdf