Ethics in Science and Technology
اخلاق در علوم و فناوری
Ethics in Science and Technology
Literature & Humanities
http://ethicsjournal.ir
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jalali
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2020
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مبانی قانونی و اخلاقی جرم انگاری در حقوق کیفری ایران
Legal and Ethical Principles of Criminalization in Iran’s Criminal Law
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">زمینه: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">قانون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کیفری،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">قواعد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">محدود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کننده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">حقوق</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آزادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">فرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">جهت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تضمین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">همزیستی مسالمت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آمیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">است.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">این که چه رفتاری را باید ممنوع اعـلام کـرد و کـدام یـک را می توان از دایره اعمال قانونی خارج کرد</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> به نحوه ای می توان ورود اخلاقیات در عالم حقوق نام برد.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">رعایت اخلاق و ادب از دیر باز نبز بوده است و تحت عنوان اداب و رسوم و </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به معنای ضوابط اخلاقی است </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بر این اساس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تعداد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اعمالی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نظم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عمومی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">خدشه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">دار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کند، متنوع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بوده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ابزارهایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> که برای نظم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عمومی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">گرفته</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شوند،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کمیت و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کیفیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">متفاوت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">طیف</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">وسیعی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">راهکارها </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شامل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">می</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شود نظام های حقوقی مختلف راه کارهای متفاوتی را انتخاب نموداند. نظام جمهور اسلامی ایران با توجه به شرعی بودن بر اخلاقیات تکیه دارد. اما </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">هر گونه جرم ­انگاری بدون توجه به محدودیت­ها و مبانی حقوق کیفری میتواند زمینه ساز چالش­های متعددی باشد،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اخلاق نیز یکی از اصول نخستین در جرم انگاری ایران است </span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مهم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نظام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">کیفری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">جمهوری در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">حدود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مقرر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">قانون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اساسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">جمهوری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اسلامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ایران آمده است</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نتیجه گیری: </span></span></strong><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در جمهوری اسلامی ایران مثل همه کشورها جرم انگاری تابع محدودیت هایی است در ایران نیز جرم انگاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">تابع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">محدودیت های</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مقرر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">قانون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اساسی می باشد</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">همچنین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">براساس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اصل</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">چهارم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">قانون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اساسی،</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مجلس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شورای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اسلامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">باید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در حدود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اصول</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">موازین</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اسلامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اقدام</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">جرم انگاری</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نماید</span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> جرم انگاری باید با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">توجه</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اصول</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">شرعی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">و اخلاقی و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">قانون اساسی انجام شود.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background: </strong>The criminal code is the rules that restrict the rights and freedoms of a person to ensure peaceful coexistence. What behavior should be prohibited and which one can be removed from the circle of legal acts. How can the word ethics in the world of law refer to ethical and literary means from the past, and is called the tradition of morality, in the sense of moral standards? On the basis of the number of acts that the public order Disturbing, varied, and tools used for general order Quantity and quality are different and a wide range of strategies are included. Different legal systems have chosen different ways. Contrary to the Islamic Republic of Iran, Attention to religious law relies on ethics. But any crime, regardless of the limits and principles of criminal law, can be the basis of many challenges. Ethics is also one of the first principles in the criminalization of Iran and is important in the penal system of the Republic within the limits prescribed in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is coming.<br>
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the Islamic Republic of Iran, like all countries, crime is subject to restrictions. In Iran, criminalization is also subject to the constraints set forth in the constitution. Also, according to the fourth principle of the constitution, the Islamic Consultative Assembly should act on the basis of Islamic principles and principles. Given the religious and ethical principles and the constitution, criminalization must be done.</div>
جرم انگاری, قانون اساسی, موازین شرعی, معیارهای اخلاقی
Crime, Constitution, Religious standards, Ethical standards
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http://ethicsjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-243&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
صابر
افراسیابی
10031947532846004539
10031947532846004539
No
غفور
خوئینی
10031947532846004540
10031947532846004540
Yes
ابوالحسن
مجتهد سلیمانی
10031947532846004541
10031947532846004541
No