Background: Employee participation in the organization and hearing their voices is one of the ways to increase and strengthen the spirit of criticism and teamwork with the aim of increasing productivity in organizations. The purpose of this study is to develop a model of ethical components of participation in the phonetic behavior of employees.
Method: The research method is heuristic. The statistical population included all staff of Kermanshah, Hamedan and Kurdistan universities (1585 people). In the qualitative section, 35 employees were interviewed purposefully and based on the principle of theoretical saturation. In the quantitative section, based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 310 people were selected as the sample. The instrument used in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured and in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the underlying factors of employee participation in phonetic behavior, then confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the power of the factor model.
Results: The results of the qualitative section were categorized into 38 sub-themes and 10 main themes. Based on heuristic factor analysis of sub-themes, in the form of 7 underlying factors of professional capability and ability, fair evaluation criteria, ethical leadership style, sustainable organizational justice, work conscience, ethical atmosphere supporting participation and individual beliefs were identified. In the confirmatory part, the model of the relationship between factors and phonetic behavior had a good fit, which indicates the appropriateness of factors in the development of phonetic behavior.
Conclusion: The development of voice and the use of its benefits requires the strengthening of ethical components and encouraging employees to participate in the organization and the application of ethical components in voice and express their views.